45th BCS

Ans: d) his
[ insisted on এর পর সাধারণত gerund form (verb+ing) বসে। তবে gerund এর আগে adjective থাকলে possessive adjective (his, her, their, my, our, your etc.) বসে।

✘ Common mistake: His, her, their, my, our, your etc. are possessive pronouns.

They are not not possessive pronouns. They are called possessive adjectives. Possessive pronouns are mine, hers, yours, ours, his, its etc.

However, ‘his‘ is both a possessive pronoun and a possessive adjective.]

Ans: c) a weak point
[ Achilles’ heel = কারো দুর্বলতা বা ত্রুটি।
A fault or weakness that causes someone or something to fail.
➜ Example: His Achilles heel is his quick temper. (তার বদমেজাজ হলো তার বড় দুর্বলতা)]

Ans: d) to
[ adhere to = মেনে চলা, লেগে থাকা।
adhere to¹ = to continue to obey a rule or have a belief.
➜They will adhere to the terms of the contract.

adhere to² = to stick or be attached firmly to a surface.
➜ Glue won’t adhere to any surface that’s wet.]

Ans: b) 1000 year
[ Decade = A period of 10 years.
Century = A period of 100 years.
Millennium = A period of 1000 years.]

Ans: d) She speaks English like the English
[ She speaks English like the English = সে ইংরেজি বলে ইংরেজদের মতো করে।

English শব্দটি দিয়ে জাতিকে নির্দেশ করলে article ‘the’ বসে। ‘English’ ভাষাকে নির্দেশ করলে article বসে না।]

Ans: b) back
[ go back on = to fail to keep a promise.
Example:
➜ The budget crisis has forced the President to go back on his word.]

Ans: c) to tolerate
[ put up with = to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience.
Examples:
➜ I can put up with the house being messy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
➜ He’s so moody – I don’t know why she puts up with him.
➜ They have a lot to put up with the neighbor’s constant complaining.
(Source: Cambridge dictionary) ]

Ans: a) height
[ altitude = the height of something above sea level.
Examples:
➜ The plane was flying at an altitude of 8000 meters.
➜ The high altitude of the Himalayan mountain range slowed the progress of the hikers.]

Ans: b) had
[ The above sentence is an example of 3rd conditional.

3rd conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Subordinate clause অর্থাৎ, if যুক্ত clause টি সবসময় past perfect tense হয় এবং principal clause সাধারণত would have/could have/might have + v3 যুক্ত হয়।

This could have worked if I had been more far-sighted = এটি কাজ করতো যদি আমি আরো দুরদর্শী হতাম (অথবা যদি আমি দূরবর্তী জিনিস দেখতে সক্ষম হতাম)।

More examples:
➜ If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
Or,
➜ You would have gotten wet if it had rained.

➜ You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
Or,
➜ If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.

➜ I would have believed you if you hadn’t lied to me before.
Or,
➜ If you hadn’t lied to me before, I would have believed you.]

Ans: a) rude
[ arrogant = অহংকারী, দাম্ভিক;
rude = রূঢ়, কটু, অভদ্র;
gracious = সদয়, করুণাময়;
coarse = কর্কশ, অমার্জিত;
pretentious = ভানপূর্ণ, ভণ্ড;]

Ans: a) Shut up!
[ যে বাক্যের সাহায্যে আদেশ, অনুরোধ, নির্দেশনা, নিষেধ কিংবা উপদেশ প্রকাশ করা হয়, সেটি Imperative sentence বা অনুজ্ঞাসূচক বাক্য।

Imperative sentence-এ সাবজেক্ট invisible (অদৃশ্য) থাকে। অর্থাৎ, বাক্য শুরু হয় verb দিয়ে। অবজেক্ট থাকতে পারে নাও থাকতে পারে।
Examples:
➜ Give me a pen.
➜ Don’t lie.
➜ Run!

In the given sentences, option b) & c) are examples of assertive sentence while option d) is in interrogative form.]

Ans: c) at
[ The preposition ‘at’ is generally used to indicate a speed because ‘at’ has connection with both specific time and place.

Option a), b) & d) are incorrect, because ‘on’ is used to indicate a surface, forty miles is not a surface. ‘To’ is used when something is approaching a place, forty miles is not a place. ‘For’ is used to show a reason. The train is not running because of gaining speed.]

Ans: a) between
[ between আর among এর সাধারণ নিয়ম হচ্ছে – উপাদান বা elements দুই এর মধ্যে হলে between বসে। আর দুই এর অধিক elements হলে among বসে। তবে এই বেসিক নিয়মটি পুরোপুরি সঠিক নয়। ‘between’ দুই এর অধিক elements এর মধ্যে বসতে পারে যখন প্রত্যেকটি element একে অপর থেকে আলাদা।
Examples:
➜ He had to choose between a bicycle, a train set, a pair of sneakers, and a new backpack for his birthday present.
➜ Negotiations between the member states collapsed last night.
➜ He drove too quickly between the cars.
(Source: grammarly.com)

between vs in between
➜ There is a river between the two small villages.
➜ There are two small villages with a river in between them.

➜ There is an open space between the huge malls.
➜ I think, he is standing in between the huge malls.]

Ans: b) deny
[ defy = স্পর্ধা করা;
deny = অস্বীকার করা;
admire = প্রশংসা করা;
denounce = নিন্দা করা;]

Ans: c) lay
[ lie¹ = শয়ন করা, হেলান দেত্তয়া
verb1 – verb2 – verb3
lie – lay – lain

lie² = মিথ্যা / মিথ্যা বলা (Noun / Verb)
verb1 – verb2 – verb3
lie – lied – lied ]

Ans: b) The flute was played on by her.
[ verb এর ঠিক পরই object না থেকে preposition থাকলে সাধারণত ঐ বাক্যটির voice change হয় না। যেমনঃ He plays in the field – বাক্যটিকে passive করা সম্ভব নয়, যেহেতু বাক্যটিতে object নেই।

তবে Phrasal verb হলে ভিন্ন কথা। অর্থাৎ যেখানে Preposition, verb এর পাশে বসে অবিচ্ছিন্ন অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। সেক্ষেত্রে Preposition টি কে verb এর সাথে রেখে বাক্যটিকে passive করতে হবে।
Examples:
➜ We should look after our parents.
= Our parents should be looked after by us.

➜ Call in a doctor.
= Let a doctor be called in.

The phrase “play on something” is archaic (old fashioned) which was once common but not anymore. Nowadays it’s more common saying “play something” (e.g. She played the flute – সে বাঁশি বাজিয়েছিল).]

Ans: c) Hello
[ Adieu = বিদায়;
Farewell = বিদায়গ্রহণ;
Good bye = বিদায়;
Hello = ওহে, এই যে;
Valediction = বিদায়-সম্ভাষণ;]

Ans: c) Complex sentence
[ A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause (খণ্ডবাক্য) and at least one dependent clause.

In the given sentence “Walk fast” can work as an independent (complete) sentence while “lest you should miss the train” can not work as an independent sentence.
Similarly:
Walk slowly if you want to avoid knee pain.]

Ans: a) Choir
[ Choir = a group of people who sing together (Cambridge Dictionary).
Choir = গায়কদল;
Cast = নাটকের পাত্রপাত্রীর দল;
Claque = ভাড়াটে প্রশংসাকারীর দল;
Clump = ঝোপ, ঝাড়, কাঠ বা লোহার আঁকড়া;]

Ans: b) acme
[ abattoir = কসাইখানা;
acme = চূড়া, সর্বোচ্চ স্থান;
admonish = সতর্ক করা;
abdicate = ত্যাগ করা, প্রত্যাখ্যান করা;]

Ans: a) to
[ “Compare” can be used with two different prepositions- to and with. The phrase “compared with” is used to compare similar things, while the phrase “compared to” is used to compare dissimilar things.
Examples:
➜ Compared with a strawberry, a mango is bigger.
➜ Compared to a football, a mango is smaller.]

Ans: a) He discussed the matter.
[ “discussed the matter” (with object) is the most commonly used and grammatically correct phrase.

“He discussed about the matter” – While this construction is sometimes used in informal speech, it is not considered grammatically correct.

“He discussed on the matter” – This phrase is less common and may sound a bit awkward. The preposition “on” is not necessary in this context.]

Ans: b) Pneumonia
[ Horroscope = রাশিফল;
Pneumonia = ফুসফুস-প্রদাহ;
Occassion = উপলক্ষ;
Embarrass = বিব্রত করা;]

Ans: c) weather forecasting
[ Meteorology = আবহাওয়াবিজ্ঞান;

Meteorology is the branch of science concerned with the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means of forecasting the weather.]

Ans: c) plague pandemic
[ plague pandemic = সংক্রামক মহামারী;

Black Death is termed as a disease that killed an extremely large number of people in Europe and Asia in the 14th century, usually thought to be a very infectious disease caused by bacteria spread mainly by fleas (=small insects that bite) on rats or other animals, that causes swelling (শরীরের কোনো অঙ্গের অস্বাভাবিক স্ফীতি), fever, and usually death in humans. (Source: Cambridge Dictionary).]

Ans: b) Othello
[ Desdemona is a character in William Shakespeare’s play Othello (c. 1601–1604). In this drama Desdemona is a young Venetian (ভেনিস-দেশীয়) noble woman who has secretly married Othello. She is one of the most pitiable (করুণ) victims in all of Shakespeare’s plays. Being a devoted, loving wife, she is murdered by her husband in a fit of jealous rage.]

Ans: d) The Return of the Native
[ Clym Yeobright, fictional character, an idealistic young man who returns from a stay in Paris to his home on England’s Egdon Heath, in Thomas Hardy’s novel The Return of the Native (1878).
(Source: Britannica.com)]

Ans: c) William Wordsworth
[ Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) is by far the most representative poet of the Victorian era. His work includes ‘In Memoriam,’ ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ and ‘Idylls of the King.’

Robert Browning (1812 – 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose dramatic monologues put him high among the Victorian poets. He is specially noted for perfecting the dramatic monologue (literary composition in which the speaker reveals his or her character). 

William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850) is considered a Romantic poet because his poetry and philosophy are representative of the ideals of the Romantic Movement. His joint publication of “Lyrical Ballads” with Samuel Taylor Coleridge was the text that started a new era of writing.

Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) was an English poet and critic during the Victorian era. “Culture and Anarchy”, “Dover Beach” are few of his notable works.]

Ans: a) 1984
[ George Orwell (1903 – 1950) was an English writer. His real name was Eric Arthur Blair. He used the name George Orwell for his novels. He is most famous for his novels Animal Farm  and 1984.

The primary theme of “1984” (published in 1949) by George Orwell is to warn readers of the dangers of totalitarianism (সর্বগ্রাসী শাসনব্যবস্থা). The central focus of the book is to convey the extreme level of control and power possible under a truly totalitarian regime. It explores how such a governmental system would impact society and the people who live in it.]

Ans: a) Andrew Marvell
[ “To His Coy Mistress” is a metaphysical poem (দর্শনশাস্ত্র সম্বন্ধীয় কবিতা) written by the English author and politician Andrew Marvell (1621–1678). It was published posthumously (মরণোত্তর) in 1681. The poem treats the conventional theme of the conflict between love and time in a witty and ironic manner.]

Ans: a) Pride and Prejudice
[ Elizabeth Bennet is the protagonist in the 1813 novel “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen (1775 – 1817). Elizabeth is regarded as the most admirable and endearing of Austen’s heroines. She is considered one of the most beloved characters in British literature because of her complexity. Austen herself described Elizabeth as “as delightful a creature as ever appeared in print”.]

Ans: c) George Gordon Byron
[ “Don Juan” was composed by Lord George Gordon Byron, famously known as Lord Byron (1788 – 1824). He published the poem between 1819 and 1824 in parts called cantos (অধ্যায়). There were 16 complete cantos in Lord Byron’s “Don Juan”. Byron published the cantos serially like a novel would have been. Begun in 1818, Don Juan’s 17 cantos remained unfinished by Byron’s death in 1824.

“Don Juan” is a satirical (ব্যঙ্গাত্মক) poem which portrays the Spanish folk legend – ‘Don Juan’, not as a womanizer (নারী-পাগল অসচ্চরিত্র ব্যক্তি), but as a victim easily seduced (কুকর্মে প্ররোচিত) by women. Here, the hero is a gullible (অতিসরল), innocent man who constantly yields (সমর্পণ করা) to temptation (প্রলোভন).]

Ans: d) Alfred Tennyson
[ The poem “Ulysses” was written in 1833 by the Victorian English poet Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809 – 1892). This poem is written as a dramatic monologue: the entire poem is spoken by a single character, whose identity is revealed by his own words. The search for adventure and heroism is perhaps the central theme of “Ulysses”.

**Ulysses (novel): There is another literary creation titled “Ulysses (novel)” by the Irish writer James Joyce (1882 – 1941). The novel was published in 1922.]

Ans: c) P.B. Shelley
[ “Ozymandias” (written in 1817, published in 1818) is a sonnet poem written by the English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822). The title “Ozymandias” refers to an alternate name of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II. Ramesses II was one of the ancient world’s most powerful rulers. The major theme behind “Ozymandias” is that all power is temporary, no matter how prideful or tyrannical a ruler is.]