1. The world has seen many Diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon ___ great interest ____ recent decades.
a) with, in
b) with, for
c) of, in
d) in, for
Ans: a) with, in
[ Diasporas (noun) = অভিবাসী; The dispersion (বিচ্যুত অবস্থা) or spread of people from their original homeland.
Appropriate preposition এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী interest, noun হিসেবে থাকলে এবং এর আরেকটি আগে noun থাকলে দুটি noun এর মাঝে with বসে।
Long time period (months, years, decades) এর আগে in বসে। ]
2. Bangladesh has been one of the _____ in formulating and implementing a National Drug Policy in the face of the massively powerful and ____ global pharmaceutical industry.
a) colonists, lucrative
b) pioneers, lucrative
c) followers, unprofitable
d) followers, secondary
Ans: b) pioneers, lucrative
[ colonists, lucrative = ঔপনিবেশিক, লাভজনক;
pioneers = অগ্রদুত, lucrative = লাভজনক;
followers, unprofitable = অনুসারী, অলাভজনক;
followers, secondary = অনুসারী, অপ্রধান;]
3. Succeeding in college often is a challenge for students, ____ most colleges provide services designed to help students.
a) moreover
b) in addition
c) therefore
d) as a result
Ans: c) therefore
[ Therefore or As a result?
“As a result” means that there’s an explicit (স্পষ্ট) cause, while “therefore” is more of a natural progression of events.
The word “often” used in the first part of this question doesn’t make it an explicit cause. Using “therefore” makes the sentence fluid and cohesive. ]
4. The woman sees the cat out in the rain; ____ , the cat is gone by the time the woman goes outside.
a) however
b) and
c) even if
d) after all
Ans: a) however
[ ‘However‘ is usually used in a contrasting sentence. ‘However‘ alerts a reader that a shift is forthcoming. It can be used in the middle of a sentence after placing a semicolon or at the beginning of a sentence after a contrasting sentence with full stop.
Example:
➜ I liked my lunch; however, it was too expensive.
➜ I would love to join you. However, I am too busy.]
5. The work was finished ____ time and ____ budget.
a) off, on
b) in, with
c) within, with
d) on, within
Ans: d) on, within
[ in time = নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে; Example: He submitted the assignment in time. Here the submission could be done in any time before the deadline.
on time = ঠিক সময়ে, নির্ধারিত সময়ে; Example: The train started on time. Here the train is not supposed to start earlier than the scheduled time.
Expenditure can be on budget or within budget, in which case you are spending only as much money as you have. Or it can be over budget, in which case you have spent more than you have.]
6. The troops mustered in front of the garrison. Here, the word ‘muster’ means-
a) to find courage
b) to summon
c) to gather
d) to come
Ans: c) to gather
[ muster = জড়ো করা / হত্তয়া; To assemble or gather (troops), especially for inspection or in preparation for battle. Example: 1700 soldiers had been mustered on Haldon Hill.]
7. The child sat mute in the corner of the park. Here, ‘mute’ is a/an-
a) noun
b) adjective
c) adverb
d) verb
Ans: b) adjective
[ mute (adj.) = unable or unwilling to speak (silent or not speaking).
Example: He stood mute (silent) before the judge = সে বিচারকের সামনে চুপচাপ দাড়িয়ে ছিল।
mute (adv.) = He nodded mutely (silently) = সে নীরবে মাথা নাড়িয়েছিল।]
8. Where ____ when you met him?
a) does he live
b) was he living
c) was he live
d) is he living
Ans: b) was he living
[ “when” as a connector connects a continuous clause with a simple (indefinite) clause. Here, the latter clause being simple past tense, the earlier clause should be in past continuous form.]
9. Which one is the correct spelling?
a) chauffeur
b) chauffar
c) chaffeur
d) chuffeur
Ans: a) chauffeur
[ Chauffeur (pronunciation – শোফার) = ড্রাইভার, ব্যক্তিগত গাড়ির চালক ]
10. Snorkeling is one kind of _____.
a) diving
b) driving
c) walking
d) shooting
Ans: a) diving
[ Snorkeling = the activity of swimming while using a snorkel (ডুবসাঁতারুর নিঃশ্বাস নেবার নল)]
11. What is the meaning of the proverb, ‘The pot calling the kettle black’?
a) be your own
b) never leave you root
c) take your decision by your own conscience
d) do not criticize somebody for a fault that you possess yourself
Ans: d) do not criticize somebody for a fault that you possess yourself
[ ‘The pot calling the kettle black’ is a response often given when someone criticizes another for a fault they also have themselves. Since both are black, the pot calling the kettle black would clearly be an act of hypocrisy. The act could also be described by “it takes one to know one”. The pot does not realize that it is describing itself.
The pot calling the kettle black- প্রবাদটির অর্থ যদি আগে থেকে জানা না থাকে তাহলে এর আক্ষরিক অনুবাদ থেকে সঠিক উত্তরটি বের করার চেষ্টা করতে হবে। শাব্দিক অনুবাদঃ পট (চায়ের কাপ) কেটলি কে বলছে যে সে কালো। অর্থাৎ, যার কারনে নিজের অস্তিত্ব তৈরি হয় তাকে দোষারোপ করা উচিৎ নয়। ]
12. My father ____ live in Gazipur.
a) use to
b) was use to
c) used to
d) was used to
Ans: c) used to
[ used to vs use to
Used to + verb = an action or habit that was common in the past but not anymore.
Example:
➜ I used to eat fast food (but not anymore).
Used to + noun = accustomed (অভ্যস্ত) to do something out of habit or experience.
Example:
➜ I am used to walking up early. (noun phrase)
➜ I am used to hard work. (noun phrase)]
13. What does B.C.E. stands for?
a) before Christ ear
b) before the Christ era
c) before the common era
d) before common era
Ans: b) before the Christ era
[ BC = Before Christ
BCE = Before Common Era
BCE (Before Common Era) is the secular version of BC (before Christ). On the other hand, CE (Common Era) is the secular equivalent of AD (anno Domini), which means “in the year of the Lord” in Latin.]
14. The train ____ late three times this week.
a) is
b) has been
c) have been
d) is being
Ans: b) has been
[ The correct sentence is either:
The train was late three times this week. Or,
The train has been late three times this week.
** If you use ‘has been late’, it makes a connection between the past event and now. ]
15. It ___ hardly an understatement to say that online searching ____ changed dramatically with the development of the Web.
a) is, was
b) has been, has
c) is, has
d) was, has
Ans: c) is, has
[ understatement = অবমূল্যায়ন।
The sentence being a part of an article (প্রবন্ধ) in style, it is assumed that the given sentence should be in present form.
Second clause- এ ‘changed’ শব্দটির ২ টি ব্যবহার হতে পারে।
has changed (as active) = চেঞ্জড্ হয়ে গেছে।
was changed (as passive) = চেঞ্জড্ করা হয়েছিল।
“with the development of web” = ওয়েব (ইন্টারনেট) এর অগ্রগতির সাথে সাথে।
So, it suggests that the second clause should be in active form.
In option b) “It has been (has become – হয়ে গেছে) hardly an understatement” is not an appropriate use of the word “understatement”.
Option d) does not make sense (inappropriate use of tense- past tense followed by present perfect tense).]
16. “What surprised me was how ____ and reacted exactly like you”, said the banker to me.
a) did he look
b) does he look
c) he looked
d) could he look
Ans: c) he looked
[ This sentence is not in interrogative form. Here, ‘What’ is a pronoun while ‘how’ has been used as a connector. And finally no question sign at the end of the reporting speech. Therefore, auxiliary verb should not be placed before the subject. ]
17. If you ___ the environmental damage that plastic bags cause, the cost difference ___ really negligible.
a) consider, will
b) will consider, is
c) would consider, will
d) consider, is
Ans: d) consider, is
[ This question covers the area of ‘conditional sentences’. According to the rules of ‘zero conditional’, each clause follows the same tense (simple present).
Examples:
➜ If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
➜ Plants die if they don’t get enough water.
➜ If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
➜ If you mix red and blue, you get purple.]
18. The rising numbers of icebergs are in turn increasing the tsunami hazards ____ occur when they break away from a glacier and trigger a tidal wave.
a) whom
b) whose
c) which
d) who’s
Ans: c) which
[ Here, the connector represents an incident. Therefore, ‘which’ is the correct answer.]
19. Choose the correct sentence (according to punctuation)-
a) I can recite lists of coordination conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs any time of the day or night; therefore, I am idolized by my friends.
b) I can recite lists of coordination conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs any time of the day, or night, therefore, I am idolized by my friends.
c) I can recite lists of coordination conjunctions, and conjunctive adverbs any time of the day or night; therefore, I am idolized by my friends.
d) I can recite lists of coordination conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs any time of the day or night, therefore, I am idolized by my friends.
Ans: a) I can recite lists of coordination conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs any time of the day or night; therefore, I am idolized by my friends.
[ Similar phrases or clauses – no comma before ‘and’:
✘ Incorrect: The dog is well trained, and good natured.
✔ Correct: The dog is well trained and good natured.
Dissimilar / contrasting phrases or clauses – comma before ‘and’:
✘ Incorrect: It’s cold outside and I can’t find my coat.
✔ Correct: It’s cold outside, and I can’t find my coat.
When you have a conjunctive adverb linking two independent clauses, you should use a semicolon between the clauses. Common conjunctive adverbs include words like moreover, nevertheless, however, otherwise, therefore, then, finally, likewise, consequently, and many others.
Examples;
➜ I needed to go for a walk and get some fresh air; also, I needed to buy milk.
➜ She was well-prepared; therefore, she secured her position in the merit list.]
20. The correct translation of “সমাজ বিরোধীরা এখনো ধরা ছোঁয়ার বাইরে।”
a) The anti-socials are still at large.
b) The anti-socials are still now at large.
c) The anti-socials are at large.
d) The anti-socials are till at large.
Ans: a) The anti-socials are still at large.
[ at large = (especially a criminal or any dangerous animal) at liberty; escaped or not yet captured. Example: The fugitive (পলাতক) was still at large.]
21. Which would you ____ have, ice or coffee?
a) rather
b) prefer
c) could
d) better
Ans: a) rather
[ Which would you rather have, ice or coffee = তুমি বরং কোনটা নিবে, আইসক্রিম নাকি কফি?
Some examples of would rather:
➜ Would you rather make a phone call or send a text message?
➜ Would you rather team up with Batman or Spiderman? ]
22. My mother has been in hospital, I wonder how she _____ .
a) is getting on
b) gets on
c) has got across
d) is getting away
Ans: a) is getting on
[ get on = to make progress in a specified way.
Example:
➜ How are you getting on with your new job?]
23. He advised me ____ the doctor.
a) that I see
b) to see
c) seeing
d) see
Ans: b) to see
[ This sentence is the narrated form of direct speech- He said, “See a doctor.” For imperative sentence to transform a direct speech into indirect, we use ‘to’ to connect the remaining part of the sentence.]
24. By the time they arrive, ______.
a) he’ll have left
b) he’ll leave
c) he leaves
d) he left
Ans: a) he’ll have left
[ We use Future perfect tense when there is a future time frame. The future perfect tense is only for actions that will be completed before a specified point in the future. In other words, the action we’re talking about must have a deadline.
Structure:
Sub + will have + verb 3 + time frame (at the end or at the beginning).
➜ I will have cleaned my room before my parents come home.
➜ By the time you read this I will have left.
➜ In five years’ time, I’ll have finished studying medicine.
** Question from the same topic area (future perfect tense) also appeared in DU A Unit (2020-21).]
25. How many times _____ not to do that?
a) have I told you
b) have I told
c) haven’t I told
d) I told you
Ans: a) have I told you
[ The construction – “How many times” followed by “not to + base verb” falls in the segment of present perfect tense.
Example:
➜ How many times have I told you not to put your elbows on the table during dinner?
In the given sentence, an object (you) is needed after the part ‘I told’.
Option b) lacks an object.
Option c) adds an extra not.
Option d) lacks the auxiliary verb.
Related:
If we expect a numerical answer, we use past simple tense and bring the auxiliary- ‘did’.
Example:
➜ How many times did I told you that the report was due on Friday?
(Was it once? Was it twice?)]
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