DU- B unit (2017-18)

Ans: c) anybody
[ Better than anybody?
or Better than everybody /everyone?
These can not be distinguished in terms of meaning. However, the word ‘anybody’ makes more emphasis that there is at least someone who is different from others as a whole, whereas ‘everyone’ sounds neutral. In that sense ‘anyone’ is more acceptable. ]

Ans: b) funnier
[ Funnier vs more funny
When talking about two separate entities, funnier is the way to go. It is the comparative of funny.

The term more funny on its own feels a bit awkward and, thus, generally does not hold up. Funnier has a built-in comparative aspect and an easier flow off the tongue. Example: Your joke was funnier than mine.]

Ans: d) to
[ To leave one to himself = to let someone take his/her own course.
Example: The teenage girl might fall in trouble if she is left to herself in the dead of night.

Related idiom:
Leave someone to their own devices:
Examples: to allow someone to make their own decisions about what to do.
➜ He seemed to be a responsible person, so I left him to his own devices.
➜ The students were left to their own devices when the teacher failed to appear on time.]

Ans: a) Metaphor
[ Similes (অনুরূপ) vs Metaphors (উপমা)
A simile says that one thing “is like” or “is as … as” another thing. A metaphor says that one thing “is” another thing. Metaphors do not use the words “like” or “as” in their comparisons.
Examples of similes:
➜ Life is like a box of chocolates.
➜ He was as blind as a bat without his glasses.
➜ He swims like a fish (he is a good swimmer).

Examples of metaphors:
➜ His computer was a dinosaur (his computer was very old).
➜ She is a night owl (she likes to stay up late at night).
➜ He barely escaped from the jaws of death (সে কোন রকমে মৃত্যুর মুখ থেকে পালিয়েছিল)।

Personification is a type of metaphor that describes non-human actions with language typically reserved for human characters.
Examples:
➜ The sun smiled down on us.
➜The story jumped off the page.
➜ Lightning danced across the sky. ]

Ans: a) DU was founded
[ In English grammar, a “wh”-clause is a subordinate clause that’s introduced by one of the wh-words (what, who, which, when, where, why, how). An important aspect of wh-clauses is that they require the wh-element to be placed at the beginning of the clause, followed by subject, verb, object and so on.

Incorrect: Do you know when was DU founded?
Correct: Do you know when DU was founded?

Incorrect: Do you know when had DU been founded?
Correct: Did you know when DU had been founded?

** Since DU can not found itself, the sentence should be in passive form making option d) invalid.]

Ans: a) yielded
[ yield⁽¹⁾ = উৎপাদন করা
yield⁽²⁾ = আত্মসমর্পণ করা
wield = চালনা করা
infiltrate = অনুপ্রবেশ করা
faint = অজ্ঞান হওয়া

The enemies gave in at last = শত্রুরা অবশেষে হার মেনে ছিল ]

Ans: a) sprightly
[ energetic = প্রাণবন্ত
sprightly⁽¹⁾ = স্পষ্টভাবে
sprightly⁽²⁾ = প্রাণবন্ত
hasty = তাড়াতাড়ি
humble = বিনয়ী
extreme = অতিরিক্ত ]

Ans: b) He is used to working hard.
[ “used to + verb-ing”
We use this expression to talk about things which feel normal for us or things that we are accustomed to.
Example:
➜ I’m used to getting up early, so I don’t mind doing it (= getting up early is normal for me, it’s what I usually do).

“used to + infinitive”
We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we don’t do in the present.
Example:
➜ He used to smoke (but now he doesn’t smoke).]

Ans: c) explain
[ account for: to give a reason or explanation for (something).
➜ He was unable to account for the error.
account for something: to form the total of something.
➜ Women account for almost half of our country’s population.
on account of something: Owing to, because of something.
➜ We canceled the party on account of bad weather.]

Ans: a) did not have any
[ Any as a determiner: We use any before nouns to refer to indefinite or unknown quantities.
➜ She refused to answer any questions.

We use any for indefinite quantities in questions and negative sentences.
➜ Have you got any eggs?
➜ I haven’t got any eggs.
➜ Not: I’ve got any eggs. ]

Ans: b) Family
[ The noun “family” is usually a collective noun, but it can be used as a common noun or a proper noun.
➜ Our family consists of five members. (Collective)
➜ Our family visited Cox’s Bazar last year. (Common)
➜ Rahman family visits Cox’s Bazar every year. (Proper)

Kinds of noun:
common: city, river
proper: Dhaka, Padma
collective: family, army
concrete: table, window
material: wood, glass
abstract: goodness, bravery, childhood ]

Ans: d) though she has not yet submitted her application form.
[ 4 Ways to Use ‘Though’
➜ Though I do not usually drink coffee, I have had 2 cups today. (at the beginning of the sentence)
➜ I do not usually drink coffee, though I’ve had 2 cups today. (in place of ‘however’ or ‘but’)
➜ I already ate. Thanks, though! (at the end of the sentence)
➜ He acted as though he were angry. (with the word ‘as’ replacing the word ‘like’) ]

Ans: b) Awkward
[ Elegant = সুরুচিপূর্ণ
Eulogy = প্রশংসা,  স্তুতি
Awkward = বিশ্রী, উদ্ভট
Pendant = ঝোলানো বস্তু
Egotistical = অহংকারী ]

Ans: d) originate
[ origin (noun) = মূল, উৎপত্তি
originate (verb) = উৎপন্ন হওয়া
originated (verb) = V2 or V3 of originate
origination (noun) = উৎপত্তি
original (adj.) = আসল, মৌলিক ]

Ans: c) Half a league, half a league
[ The Charge of the Light Brigade was actually a military action undertaken by the British light cavalry (অশ্বারোহী বাহিনী) against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaclava (1854) in the Crimean War resulting in heavy losses to British troops. Based on this ground, The English poet, Alfred Tennnyson, wrote this patriotic poem “The charge of the light Brigade”.

Few lines of the poem:
Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred. ]

Ans: d) Who is wanted by you?
[ “Whom do you want?”
‘Whom’ has been used here as an object.  The subject form of ‘whom’ is ‘who’. That’s why, ‘whom’ changes to ‘who’ when we change the voice.

Structure:
Active – Whom + helping verb + subject + main verb +?
Passive – Who + be verb + V3 + by + subject (passive object) +?]

Ans: c) I wish our cricket team could win the World Cup.
[ wish + (that) + past simple:
We use ‘wish’ to talk about something that we would like to be different in the present or the future. It’s used for things which are impossible or very unlikely. We use ‘could’ with ‘wish’ to talk about possibility.
➜ I wish that I could speak Spanish (but, unfortunately, I can’t speak Spanish).
➜ I wish that I could drive (but, sadly, I can’t drive).

We don’t usually use ‘wish’ in this way for things that are really possible in the future. Instead, we use ‘hope’.
 ➜ I hope that you pass your exam
NOT: I wish that you passed the exam.]

Ans: c) “সকলেই শান্তি চায় এবং অহিংসার নীতি পছন্দ করে।”
[ Everyone wants peace = সকলেই শান্তি চায়…….
and likes the principles of non-violence = এবং অহিংসার নীতি পছন্দ করে]

Ans: c) Mother advised me not to tell a lie.
[ The sense of command, order, advise, request is implied in the reported clause of the sentence. We have to change the reporting verb in accordance with the mood of the sentence. 

➜ He said to me, “Please, give me a pen.”
= He requested me to give him a pen.

➜ Anha said to Rupa, “Do not touch my things.”
= Anha forbade Rupa to touch her things. 

➜ She said to him, “Do not touch the hot water.”
= She warned him not to touch the hot water. 

➜ Mother said to me, “Think before you act.”
= Mother advised me to think before I act. 

➜ “It would be better to see a dentist”, said my mother.
= My mother suggested I see a dentist.

➜ The dentist said, “I think you should use a different toothbrush.”
= The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.

➜ The manager said to the employee, “Complete the task in time.”
= The manager ordered the employee to complete the task in time. 

➜ The manager said, “I think we should examine the budget carefully.”
= The manager proposed that we examine the budget carefully.]