DU- B unit (2018-19)

Ans: b) verb
[ foment = প্ররোচিত করা / উসকে দেওয়া / মদত দেওয়া।
Synonyms: incite, induce, persuade, motivate, provoke, instigate, procure]

Ans: a) honeyed words
[ Blandishment = চাটুবাক্য, চাটুকারিতা, তোষামোদ
honeyed words = মধুমাখা কথা
abusive verse = অপমানজনক চরণ
declamatory speech = ঘোষণামূলক কথাবার্তা
modest reply = বিনয়ী উত্তর ]

Ans: d) 4
[ There are four prepositional phrases: “in the sea”, “of flying fish”, “in terror”, and “from the approaching hull”. These phrases include the participles “flying” and “approaching” which have not been counted since they are within the phrases.]

Ans: d) Beauty is truth, truth beauty.
[ Emily Dickinson’s poem “I Died for Beauty” is an allegorical (রূপকধর্মী) work that depicts someone who died for beauty interacting briefly with someone who died for truth.

“Beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.” – By John Keats. This philosophical statement means that beauty is all we need in order to discover truth, and truth is itself beautiful.]

Ans: b) My parents’ home is in one of the town’s posh area.
[ Parents, as a noun, is the plural form of ‘parent’. A mother is one parent. A father is one parent. A mother and father are parents.

We use parent’s when the word is being used to denote ownership in the singular form while parents’ is used to denote ownership in the plural form. For example, “parent’s signature” refers to the signature of a single parent. However, “parents’ signature” refers to the signature of both parents.]

Ans: a) Conscientious
[ Conscientious = বিবেকবান, ন্যায়বান, ধর্মভীরূ]

Ans: c) antonyms
[ Progress = অগ্রগতি
< antonym >
stagnation = স্থবিরতা

Homonym (ভিন্নার্থবোধক): This  refers to a word that is spelt or pronounced like another word.
Examples:
** Right = Correct / Opposite of left
** Rose = To have got up / A type of flower
** Meet/Meat = Greet someone / Flesh from an animal
** Weak/Week = Not strong / The duration of seven days
Similarly, right/write, see/sea, know/no, idle/idol are homonyms.

Hyponym (অধীনস্ত): This refers to classifications or taxonomies of natural phenomena or human artifacts. Animal is a superordinate (উর্ধঃস্তন) and that pig, cat, dog and cow are hyponyms of animal.]

Ans: b) with
[ The appropriate preposition to be used after sympathize is ‘with’. This phrase means to express sympathy for one’s suffering or trouble (followed by with). Example: I must tell you how much I sympathize with you for your loss.]

Ans: c) To observe
[ To keep an eye on =  to look after; to watch carefully; to observe (নজরে রাখা).
Examples:
➜ Please keep an eye on my bag while I go to the bathroom.
➜ The teachers were keeping an eye on him during the test because they thought he might cheat.]

Ans: b) adjust
[ get along with⁽¹⁾ = to have a harmonious or friendly relationship. Example: She seems to get along pretty well with her new teacher.
get along with⁽²⁾ = to manage to live or survive. Example: Don’t worry, you’ll get along with the members of your husband’s house.]

Ans: d) Humanize
[ Humanize (verb) = মানবিক করা, মনুষ্যত্বপূর্ণ করা।
Humanitarian (noun / adj.) = মানবপ্রেমিক, মানবহিতৈষী।

Human vs Humane
“Human” can be a noun that refers to a person or an adjective that describes someone who has human qualities.

“Humane” is an adjective that describes specific human qualities like compassion and kindness.]

Ans: d) Kindness
[ Malice = বিদ্বেষ, আক্রোশ
Bitterness = তিক্ততা
Animosity = শত্রুতা
Malevolence = বিদ্বেষ
Kindness = উদারতা ]

Ans: a) metaphor
[ Metonym (লক্ষন সূচক শব্দ): A metonym is a word or phrase that is used to stand in for a related concept. Examples: i) The crown is a metonym for the royal family. ii) The White House is a metonym for the US presidential administration.

Similes (অনুরূপ) vs Metaphors (উপমা)
A simile says that one thing “is like” or “is as … as” another thing. A metaphor says that one thing “is” another thing. Metaphors do not use the words “like” or “as” in their comparisons.

Here are some examples of similes:
➜ Life is like a box of chocolates.
➜ He was as blind as a bat without his glasses.
➜ He swims like a fish (he is a good swimmer).

Here are some examples of metaphors:
➜ His computer was a dinosaur (his computer was very old).
➜ She is a night owl (she likes to stay up late at night).]

Ans: a) He questioned softly, “Why did you fail?”
[ Say vs Tell
We use ‘say’ and ‘tell’ in different ways in reported speech. ‘Say’ focuses on the words someone said and ‘tell’ focuses more on the content or message of what someone said. With ‘say’, we don’t need to mention who the ideas or information were shared with, but with ‘tell’, we do.
Example:
Correct: Fahim said, “I am hungry.”
Incorrect: Fahim told, “I am hungry.”

Correct form of using ‘told’- Fahim told me that he was hungry (indirect expression).

In the above question since option c) and d) include ‘told’ in direct expression, they are taken to be incorrect. ]

Ans: c) No work is superior or inferior in itself.
[ superior = উচ্চতর
inferior =নিম্নতর, নিকৃষ্ট

in itself =  This phrase is used for emphasizing that one particular thing is true without even considering anything else.
Examples:
➜ Some of the medicines were out of date, which was in itself dangerous.
➜ To some people, bringing up a family is a full-time job in itself. ]

Ans: a) in no time
[ in no time = খুব দ্রুত, শীঘ্রই, অবিলম্বে ]

Ans: a) into
[ slide into something : to gradually start to experience an unpleasant or difficult situation.
Examples:
➜ The Australian economy was sliding into recession (অর্থনৈতিক মন্দা).
➜ Could he prevent the company from sliding into bankruptcy (দেউলিয়া অবস্থা)? ]

Ans: a) travelling
[ A verbal noun is a noun derived (উদ্ভুত) from a verb.
Examples:
arrive (verb) / arrival (noun)
decide (verb) / decision (noun)
destroy (verb) / destruction (noun)
build (verb) / building (noun) ]

Ans: b) We decided to return. Although, it was raining.
[ ‘Although’ is used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising (contrasting ideas).

Option d) in spite of being contrasting, does not contain the proper use of “although” since it has been kept in the middle of the second clause making the sentence unnatural.]

Ans: c) The fight was not given up by him even though he was badly bruised.
[ During making an active sentence passive, “did not” is replaced by “was not” or “were not” depending on the new subject’s number.]