DU- B unit (2020-21)

Ans: a) to start
[ Some common synonyms of commence are begin, inaugurate, initiate, start, and usher in. While all these words mean “to take the first step in a course, process, or operation,” commence can be more formal or bookish than begin or start.]

Ans: d) At what time will the class begin?
[ Since the statement gives a specific time point (stating hour and minute), the question should include “At what time” forcing the answerer to inform about the exact time.]

Ans: c) Antigen
[ An antigen is a foreign substance (বাহ্যিক উপাদান) that enters your body. This can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens, venom and other various toxins. An antibody is a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off these antigens.]

Ans: d) proliferation
[ extermination = নির্মূল
smuggling = চোরাচালান
minimization = ন্যূনতমকরণ
proliferation = বিস্তার

The Peace movement tends to oppose the proliferation of dangerous technologies and weapons of mass destruction = শান্তি আন্দোলন ভয়ঙ্কর প্রযুক্তি ও ব্যাপক বিধ্বংসী অস্ত্রের বিস্তারের বিরুদ্ধে প্রয়াস চালায়।]

Ans: d) My friend said that he would have a cup of tea because he wasn’t hungry.
[ Basic rules of changing a direct speech into indirect:
Narration করার সময় Reporting verb (‘said’ here) past form এ থাকলে (past form in most cases), Reporting speech – টিতে (‘friend’s saying’ here) Tense এর পরিবর্তন আসবে। Reporting speech, Future / Present Tense এ থাকলে সেটি Past Tense হয়ে যাবে।]

Ans: c) revealing secrets.
[ spill the beans = disclose a secret or reveal something prematurely. Ex: We’ll all be there at 6 for the surprise party – now don’t spill the beans!]

Ans: b) WWW
[ The World Wide Web – also known as the web or W3 – refers to all the public websites including Facebook, Twitter, or any social websites (apps in mobile version). Through these websites people can communicate with others living in any part of the world instantly.]

Ans: a) So does art.
[ The second sentence is an example of inversion, where the structure of a sentence is changed by using auxiliaries before the subject. A couple of examples to make this clear-
➜ He likes poetry. So do I/we/they.
➜ I play basketball. So does he/she.

In case of negative expression, use ‘neither’ or ‘nor’ in the latter sentence.
➜ He doesn’t like poetry. Neither/Nor do I/we/they.
➜ I don’t play basketball. Neither/Nor does he/she.]

Ans: d) university
[ মেকানিক্যাল অর্গা‌নাইজেশন হলো এমন একটি প্রতিষ্ঠান যেখানে উৎপাদন বাড়ানোর লক্ষ্যে পুরো প্রতিষ্ঠানকে কতগুলো ডিপার্টমেন্টে ভাগ করে দেওয়া হয় এবং প্রত্যেক ডিপার্টমেন্টকে তাদের কাজের জন্য জবাবদিহি করতে হয়। যদিও মেকানিক্যাল অর্গা‌নাইজেশনাল স্ট্রাকচার সাধারণত বড় বড় কোম্পানিগুলোতে দেখা যায়, তবে জবাবদিহিতা নিশ্চিত করা এবং কাজের গতি বৃদ্ধি করার এই সিস্টেম একটি কসাইখানা (butcher shop) এর কর্মীদের মধ্যেও দেখা যেতে পারে।]

Ans: a) sour grapes
[ ➜ sour grapes = disparagement (অপমানজনক অবস্থা) of something that has proven unattainable. Ex: I don’t think it’s such a great job. And that’s not sour grapes because I didn’t get it.

➜ get up and go = the quality of being positive and having a lot of energy. Ex: This job needs someone with a lot of get-up-and-go.

➜ shot in the arm = A stimulus or booster, also known as inject in the arm which means having a sudden, strong, positive effect on something. Ex: After my recent financial troubles, getting the loan was a real shot in the arm.

➜ rose-tinted glasses = আক্ষরিকঃ (গোলাপি রঙের চশমা)। This idiom means to see only the pleasant things about a situation and not notice the things that are unpleasant. Ex: She has always looked at life through rose-tinted glasses.]

Ans: b) specific region based
[ Migration from Bangladesh to Britain started in the 1930s and was predominantly a Sylheti phenomenon. Men of this particular geographical area employed by the British ship companies first started the process of migration.
– HSC English 1st paper; Unit: 11 | Lesson: 4.]

Ans: a) The sea voyage was undertaken by Elizabeth unwillingly.
[ Basic structure of making a statement passive:
Object + auxiliary (minimum one based on tense) + verb 3 + by + subject ]

Ans: d) Disentangle
[ snarl = দাঁত খিচিয়ে গরগর শব্দ করা
Confusion = দ্বিধা, বিহ্বলতা, বিশৃঙ্খলা
Intricacy = জটিলতা, ঘুরপ্যাঁচ
Disarray = বিশৃঙ্খলা, ছত্রভঙ্গ
Disentangle = জট খোলা, উদ্ধার করা ]

Ans: c) verb
[ Here, in the given sentence, “why” is connecting two clauses (a clause is a part of sentence with a subject and a main verb). The first clause is in copulative form but the second clause is in passive form. Therefore, prioritized is a verb not an adjective.
Examples:
➜ The workers are not skilled enough for the job. (Here, ‘are’ is the main verb while ‘skilled’ is an adjective.
➜ The workers are not trained enough (by someone) for the job. (Here, ‘are’ is the auxiliary verb while ‘trained’ is the main verb.]